Yes, you can generally deduct a prop firm challenge fee as a business expense under your S-Corp with a Mark-to-Market (MTM) election for trading. Here are the key points:
Ordinary and Necessary Expenses: The IRS allows deductions for expenses that are ordinary and necessary for your business
Since the prop firm challenge fee is a cost associated with your trading activities, it can be considered a deductible business expense.
MTM Election: With the MTM election, you treat your trading activities as a business, which allows you to deduct related expenses on your S-Corp's tax return.