If I took out a loan for a business vehicle last year, should I enter the vehicle under long term assets and what does beginning of year and end of year mean?

what type of return are you trying to do. a 1040 does not require this info. so it would seem you are trying to do either a 1065, 1120  or 1120-S.  whether the vehicle should be reflected on the return depends on who has title to the vehicle.

assuming title is in the name of the business the proper line is the one for depreciable assets. the depreciation is reported on the next line.

if you are not familiar with reporting the business activity perhaps you should consult a tax pro for guidance since there are many rules. then next year you could try doing the return on your own. this forum seems many threads about business returns where the taxpayer cannot balance the balance sheet and has other reporting issues.  This forum can't see the return or know what transpired,