Can I claim my home based office as a dog training business

Yes you can claim a home office if you meet the criteria for a home office deduction.

The IRS states that you must use a portion of your home exclusively and regularly for your business. This means that your office must be a separate space that does not get used for any other purpose. Additionally,your home office must be either the principal location of that business, or a place where you regularly meet with customers or clients.

To enter your home office expenses:

Select the Business Tab
Select Continue on the Let’s Find Some Business Expenses screen.
Select I’ll Choose What to Work on at the next screen
Select Update at Business Income and Expense
Select Edit next to your business name
Scroll down to Business Expenses and select Start or Update next to Home Office Expense