How do I claim new $10,200 unemployment insurance exemption?

After the legislation has passed Congress and after the President has signed the legislation and after the IRS has written the rules, regulations and procedures.  And after the IRS has changed any forms or schedules to accept the tax code changes.  And after the IRS has approved the changes in the TurboTax program that apply to the tax code changes, then it will be available for the users of the tax preparation software.

This can take anywhere from several weeks to several months before it becomes available.

See this TurboTax support FAQ for information on the American Rescue Plan - https://ttlc.intuit.com/community/tax-topics/help/how-will-the-stimulus-package-impact-me/00/1393859

The new proposed bill is expected to exempt from taxation up to $10,200 of unemployment benefits received in 2020.

However, the bill is not enacted into law yet. Please be patient. When it becomes law, the IRS will provide guidance within two to three weeks on what taxpayers need to do. And TurboTax will always timely assist their customers.