Where and how do I enter costs associated with a home office if I worked remotely from home in 2023?

W-2 employees cannot deduct job-related expenses on a federal return.  Job-related expenses were eliminated as a federal deduction for W-2 employees by the tax laws that changed for 2018 and beyond.  Your state tax laws might be different in AL, AR, CA, HI, MN, NY or PA.

If you live in a state that lets you deduct job-related expenses, the information will flow from your federal return  to the state return, so enter it in Federal>Deductions and Credits>Employment Expenses>Job-Related Expenses

As an employee that received a w-2?  In that case, you cannot deduct home office expense.   It is not deductible on your federal return.  If your state allows it, you may be able to claim it on your state return.    If you are self-employed, deduct home office expense on Schedule C.