Q. Can I claim the Education Tax Credits and Deductions for myself?
A. Probably not.
A full time unmarried student, under age 24, even if you don't qualify as a dependent, is only eligible for the refundable portion of the American Opportunity Credit (AOC)if he supports himself by working. You cannot be supporting yourself on parental support, 529 plans or student loans & grants. It is usually best if the parent claims that credit.
You cannot claim a credit if you are claimed as a dependent by someone else.
If the student actually has a tax liability, there is a provision to allow him to claim a non-refundable tuition credit. But then the parent must forgo claiming the student as a dependent, and the $500 other dependent credit. The student must still indicate that he can be claimed as a dependent, on his return. This is worth up to $2500 (AOC shifts to all non refundable).
Q. How can I go back and claim past years?
A. You are only allowed to claim the AOC four times in your undergrad career. That includes the times your parents claimed it. So, you have verify that, first. Then you file amended returns for those years.
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