Do dividends that are partially US government interest effect anything on the federal tax return?

Your question is not very clear. However, if you received a form 1099DIV you should enter it as received.  If entered accurately, the interest will be recorded accurately on the state.  You do not have to make additional entries for the state.  TurboTax will transfer information from the federal to the state.

Form 1099-DIV reports dividend income you received from your investments. To enter this in TurboTax Online:

1. Open or continue your return.
2. Search for 1099-DIV and select the Jump to link in your search results.
3. Answer Yes to Did you receive any dividend income?
4. Choose your bank or brokerage from the list to import your 1099-DIV and select Continue or manually enter your 1099-DIV  by selecting I'll type it in myself.
5. Follow the on-screen instructions to enter your 1099-DIV.

Don't combine the amounts from two or more 1099-DIV forms if they're from the same payer. Instead, enter additional 1099-DIVs individually by answering Yes to Do you have any more dividend income from somewhere else? after you've entered all the information from your first 1099-DIV.

If you've already entered a 1099-DIV and need to enter a second 1099-DIV, select Add another 1099-DIV and follow the same steps above.