Does my minor child need to file a federal tax return if he had no federal income tax taken?

My 17 year old son (who I claimed as a dependent on my tax returns - and which I've already filed using TT) received a W-2 for a stipend he received over the summer participating in a community arts program. His wages were $1,786.00 and that was all the income he received in 2023. No federal taxes were withheld and only $21.00 of Illinois state income tax was withheld. He of course wants the state money back so we entered in his information into TT and it generated both the federal and state forms. We've filed his state return, but not his federal because he shows no balance due or refund amount. What is requirement and/or recommendation in terms of filing his federal return?