How do I file my tax return without paying my federal tax that is due?

You asked:  "How do I file my tax return without paying my federal tax that is due?"

Are you asking how to postpone the tax payment and pay it later, yet continue to proceed to efile?   Or are you asking how to set up an installment agreement with the IRS?

You don't have to pay at the same time you file the return.   In order to proceed to file without payment, choose to pay by check.   That doesn't obligate you to that method.  You can still pay it later by whatever method you wish, as long as you pay it timely before the due date, which in this national emergency for Coronavirus has been extended to July 15.  See this FAQ:

FAQ:  How are my taxes affected by Covid-19?

https://ttlc.intuit.com/community/tax-topics/help/how-are-my-taxes-affected-by-covid-19/00/1330402

You can later pay by however you wish.  For instance, you can pay by mailing a check accompanied by a payment voucher.  Or if you wish, you can easily pay electronically for free directly out of your bank account at IRS Direct Pay. 

https://www.irs.gov/payments

If you pay at the IRS website, it doesn't require mailing anything.

You can also pay by credit/debit card there at the IRS site, but there is a service fee for that option, which can be considerable if your tax bill is high.  There is also a hefty service fee if paid by credit/debit card in TurboTax, too.  The fee with card through the IRS site may be a little less.    As I said above, paying electronically directly out of your bank account at the IRS website is free.