If I file now, can I schedule my "federal taxes due payment" for a later date (a date before the due date)

Yes, you can file now and pay the Federal taxes due at a later date. Once you have reached the end of your tax return you will arrive at the File section. When asked how you would like to pay your Federal taxes due you can choose the option I will mail a check. This will allow you to continue and submit your tax return.

Mail the check or money order to the IRS, along with Form 1040-V, postmarked by the April 18, 2017 tax filing deadline to avoid the late payment penalty.

The address to mail your payment will be on your Form 1040-V, or you can get it off the IRS 1040-V instructions (page 2)

 You can also make your payment online by visiting the following IRS.gov website visit www.irs.gov/Payments.

Here is a TurboTax FAQ with additional information on paying your IRS tax due with check or money order:

https://ttlc.intuit.com/replies/4232263