If my dependent claims himself this year can I claim him next year

Yes, if the 7 tests below are met.  There is no rule against "taking turns."  The only rules that matter are these ones:

1) You provided more than half of their financial support. More info

2) They made less than $4,050 in gross income during 2016 unless they are a qualifying child    (under 19 OR a full time student under 24 OR permanently disabled)

3) They live with you or they are related to you.

4) They are a U.S. citizen, resident alien, national, or a Canadian or Mexican resident.

5) They aren't (or won't be) claimed as a dependent by someone else.

6) They aren’t filing a joint return with their spouse.

7) You are not being claimed as a dependent on someone else's return.

If you do claim him as a dependent, he will still need to file his own return and he should answer Yes to "can someone else claim you as a dependent?"