If your spouse has 0 income for 2019 and you file as Married but separate and claim him/her as a dependent, can the IRS still take your refund if your spouse owes anyone?

Yes, DavidD66 is correct. It is recommended that you file jointly if possible, as the Married Filing Separately (MFS) filing status will prevent you from claiming valuable credits, like:

• Earned Income Credit
• Elderly or Disabled Credit (unless spouses lived apart all year)
• Child and Dependent Care Credit (in most cases)
• Adoption Expense Credit or exclusion (in most cases)
• Education credits

However, you can file Form 8379, Injured Spouse Allocation for relief instead. Injured spouses are those who file a joint return and all or part of a refund is garnished/taken to pay the other spouse's debts.

Here are the applicable debts:

• Past-due federal tax

• Child or spousal support

• Federal non-tax debt (such as a student loan)

• State income tax

• State unemployment compensation debts.

File as an injured spouse when:

1) The injured spouse is not legally obligated to pay the past due amount, and

2) The injured spouse meets any of the following conditions:

a) The injured spouse made and reported tax payments, such as federal income tax withholding or estimated tax payments.

b) The injured spouse had earned income (e.g., wages, self-employment income) and claimed the Earned Income Credit (EIC) or the Additional Child Tax Credit (ACTC).

c) The injured spouse claimed a refundable tax credit, such as the Health Coverage Tax Credit

Form 8379 may be filed with the tax return. If the return was already filed, send Form 8379 by itself to the IRS center for the place the injured spouse lived when the return was filed. Attach a copy of all Forms W-2, and W-2G for both spouses, and any Forms 1099 showing federal income tax withholding.

Click here to learn how to file Form 8379 in TurboTax.

Important

Taxpayers in a community property state face additional limitations. Generally, the IRS must first ascertain each spouse's community property share of the overpayment and any separate property to determine how much to refund after an injured spouse claim is filed n a community property state. Since the payments are frequently all community property, this will usually be 50% of the overpayment. See 25.18.5.10 (1), (2), and (3) in the Internal Revenue Manual (IRM) for more details.

@tinath69