@serhii-ua , welcome to the USA and I am very happy that this country could extend this helping hand to you and your family.
As I understand the program U4U, it allows
(a) to enter the country for two years
(b) implied work permit and availability of all other social support programs
(c) For IRS purposes, you count your days present in the country towards "Substantial Presence Test ( SPT -- 183 days counting all days present in the current year -- 2023, + 1/3rd the days present in the first previous year --2022 + 1/6th days present in the 2nd previous year --2021 ). Thus if I assume that you had NONE days in 2021 and 2022, then you would have reached / passed the SPT sometime around the middle of October 2023.
(d) Once you pass the SPT you are treated as a resident for Tax purposes and taxed on your world income. Prior to that you are taxed ONLY on US sourced / connected income.
(e) Generally most newcomers are dual status for the first year i.e. Non-Resident till passing SPT and thereafter as a Resident for Tax purposes.
This produces two issues -- you file a form 1040-NR ( not supported by TurboTax ) for the period you are a Non-Resident and you file a form 1040 ( supported by TurboTax ) for the rest of the year. The second issue is that because you are not a resident for the full calendar year , you cannot use standard deduction -- use itemized deduction.
As far as foreign income --- till SPT, that income stream is not taxable to the USA. Post SPT, since you are taxed on world income, you get doubly taxed on that foreign income. However, to ameliorate the effects, you can either use foreign tax credit or foreign tax deduction . Both of these are limited but it does help in reducing the burden.
Is there more I can do for you and / or do you need more on this subject.
