Is there a way to prove I filed? The IRS says I didn’t file in 2023, but I did, using Turbotax. I have the transaction in my bank account, I’m not sure what to do?

Paying your fees did not file your tax return.   Did you go all the way through the FILE section and click a big orange button that said "Transmit my returns now?"  If you did not do that, your return was not e-filed.   Look at your online TurboTax account to see what it says there.    Does it say your return was "Accepted?"

When you e-file your federal return you will receive two emails from TurboTax.  The first one will say that your return was submitted.  The second email will tell you if your federal return was accepted or rejected.  If you e-filed a state return, there will be a third email to tell you if the state accepted or rejected your state return.

If it says “Rejected,” “Ready to Mail” or “Printed” that means YOU have to mail it yourself.  TurboTax does not mail your tax return for you.

If you realize now that your return was not e-filed successfully, then you will need to file it by mail.  E-filing is permanently closed for past year returns.  You will need to print the return, sign and date it in ink, and mail it in.