My husband passed away in January 2017 and was self employed. I don't have a 1099. How do I file my taxes?

I'm sorry for your loss. You can still file a tax return jointly with your deceased spouse, and report his income and expenses.

When someone dies, the person responsible for the estate is the one responsible for filing the final tax return, if one is due. That person can be the administrator or the executor of the estate, or if there isn't one, it can simply be a survivor (you). 

TurboTax has a complete discussion of how to handle a deceased person’s return here.

Here is a link to information from the IRS concerning filing a final tax return for a deceased person.

In the Personal Info section, you would enter your husband's information and indicate that he is deceased, and the date of his death. And continue to report his income and expenses, along with any other income such as interest income, and any other deductions that you are entitled to claim.