My son made $11,500 gross in 2022. Does he have to file a tax return?

That is hard to answer without any other details.  Was tax withheld from his pay?  Will he receive a W-2?  If tax was withheld, then it will not be a matter of "have to file"---he will want to file in order to seek a refund.

If he was self-employed and earned even $400 he is required to file a tax return.

Is he your dependent?

MY DEPENDENT HAD A JOB

If your dependent has a W-2 for his after-school job, summer job, etc. you do not include the information on your own return. You can still claim your child as a dependent on your own return.  He/she can file his own return for a refund of some of his withheld wages (he won’t get back anything for Social Security or Medicare), but MUST indicate on it that he can be claimed as a dependent on someone else’s return.  (Supervise this closely or prepare it for him!)

If your dependent’s earnings were over $400 and were reported on a 1099Misc or 1099NEC then he must file a return and pay self-employment tax for Social Security and Medicare.

You might also want to use free software from the IRS Free File versions:

https://apps.irs.gov/app/freeFile/

Who has to file?

http://www.irs.gov/uac/Do-I-Need-to-File-a-Tax-Return%3F