Still file if no taxes taken out of my income all year long

You have to report all income received in 2023 on your 2023 tax return.  Not having taxes withheld from your income is not relevant.

DoninGA is correct that you have to report all your 2023 income on your 2023 tax return. If you are employed, then your employer normally asks you to fill out a W-4 so that the employer will know how much to withhold. This is done because the US tax system is a pay-as-you go system, that is, you should be paying tax at least every quarter.

Do you know why your employer did not withhold any tax?

If you have a low income you might not need to file.  Are you Single?  You don't have to file if you only have W2 income under 13,850 but you can file to get back any withholding taken out in boxes 2 or 17.  But you don't get boxes 4 or 6 back.  If you got a 1099Misc or 1099NEC you have to file it as self employment income no matter how small the amount.

Do you need to file a return?

https://ttlc.intuit.com/community/filing-and-paying-taxes/help/do-i-need-to-file-a-federal-return-this-year/00/25546

Or were you paid as an independent contractor?  Did they take anything out of your pay like Social Security and Medicare tax?  If you didn't get a W2 you might have self employment income which is taxable plus pay self employment tax on it.