TurboTax is saying that I paid more in Federal Income Tax than what I'm showing was paid in on my W2 and 1099-R. Where do they get their calculation?

If you elected to apply your 2022 refund to your 2023 taxes, that could be the reason your current payments are less than the payments total. 

You can view your entire return or just your 1040 form before you e-file to see how your taxes were calculated and to preview the forms that TurboTax has prepared from your entries:

In TurboTax Online:

1. Sign in to your TurboTax account
2. Open or continue your return
3. Select Tax Tools from the menu (if you don't see this, select the menu icon in the upper-left corner)
4. With the Tax Tools menu open, you can then:
   • Preview your entire return: Select Print Center and then Print, save or preview this year's return (you may be asked to register or pay first if you choose this option)
   • View only your 1040 form: Select Tools. Next, select View Tax Summary in the pop-up, then Preview my 1040 in the left menu

In the Desktop version, you can right-click in the field you have a question about to see more information about how it was calculated.