When you make estimated payments throughout the year to cover the tax bill when your taxes are filed, these payments are made every quarter. The final quarterly payment is generally due January 15th of the following year.
So 2023 estimated tax paid in 2024 would refer to the final 2023 estimated payment that was due by January 15, 2024. The credit for that payment going toward income taxes would have been taken into account on the 2023 return. But, if the payment was actually made during 2024, it can be considered a tax deduction on the 2024 tax return.
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