Why do I owe state tax when I never have before?

No one can see your tax return.   More income = more tax.   You say you made more---did you increase the amount of state tax being withheld from your paychecks?    The usual reason for owing the state is that you did not have enough tax withheld.  Double check all of the amounts you entered from your W-2 boxes 16 and 17 to make sure you do not have any misplaced decimals or extra zeros.   Check any other kinds of income you entered for state tax amounts withheld.   Print your 202 state return and compare it line by line with your 2024 state return to see if you spot the difference.