Why does Turbo Tax charge an extra $59 to file my state when other products do NOT charge? Also, why would anyone pay $59 to have return file when only getting back $42?

When you use any paid version of online TurboTax there are separate fees for federal and state returns.   The fees are posted on the TurboTax site and you can see them before you make your choice.

 If you do not want to use this software, you could try using the IRS Free File site instead.

-Use this IRS site for other ways to file for free.  There are 8  free software versions available from the IRS Free File site

https://apps.irs.gov/app/freeFile/

But what do you mean when you say you already paid $83?  Did you purchase the CD/download and then use online TurboTax by mistake?   

We see people get confused and they keep logging in to online software which will require them to pay at the end.   You need to use the desktop software.   One way to tell if you are using the right software---your tool bar.   Online software has the toolbar in a black vertical column on the left side of the screen.   Desktop software has the tools up on the top of your TT screen.

You appear to be posting from online Premier software instead of the desktop CD/download software that the license code is for.  If you are using online, you are using the wrong program.  You need to switch to the desktop software to get what you paid for.  You have to download it, update it and open it up from your own hard drive to use it.  

https://ttlc.intuit.com/community/choosing-a-product/help/how-do-i-switch-from-turbotax-online-to-the-turbotax-software/00/26129

This is the way that Intuit pays for maintaining tax rules for every state. But I TOTALLY agree with you. My suggestion is to print your state return and mail it.  Do not e-file it. This may delay your refund by a few days.