Can I use a simple form 1040 if I have a 1099-R?

There is only one Form 1040. All tax returns are filed on the same form. There used to be shorter forms called 1040-A and 1040-EZ, but those were eliminated in 2018.

Are you asking whether your tax return is simple enough to use TurboTax Free Edition? It depends on what your 1099-R involves. If it's just a simple retirement plan distribution that is fully taxable, and there are no special conditions, no situations that might incur a penalty, and no other complications, you should be able to use Free Edition. You could start preparing your tax return with Free Edition and see if it says that you have to upgrade after you enter the 1099-R. It costs you nothing to try except your time.