Do I need to file 2023 if I only have social security income and interest?

Run this IRS app

https://www.irs.gov/help/ita/do-i-need-to-file-a-tax-return

Maybe, depending upon other factors.   You can start a return, enter your SS and interest income to see if you owe any tax.   Whether you need to file a federal tax return this year depends mostly on how much money you made in 2023, your age, and your filing status.  See chart

You also must file a federal return if:

• You had $400 or more in self-employment net earnings (gross income minus expenses)
• You had marketplace health insurance (1095-A) and you received advance payments for the premium tax credit
• You (or your spouse if filing jointly) received health savings account, Archer MSA, or Medicare Advantage MSA distribution
• You had wages of $108.28 or more from a church or qualified church-controlled organization that is exempt from employer social security and Medicare taxes
• You owe any special taxes, including any of the following:
  • Alternative minimum tax
  • Additional tax on a qualified plan, including an individual retirement arrangement (IRA), or other tax-favored account
  • Household employment taxes
  • Social security and Medicare tax on tips you didn't report to your employer or on wages you received from an employer who didn't withhold these taxes
  • Uncollected social security and Medicare or RRTA tax on tips you reported to your employer or on group-term life insurance and additional taxes on health savings accounts
  • Recapture taxes