Is my employer based in Florida liable for not withholding my federal income tax?

Payroll tax? 

your wages may be below the threshold for withholding or perhaps your employer is treating you as an independent contractor. are we talking about 2022 where if an employee you should have gotten a w-2 or as an IC a 1099-NEC or 2023? 

You always owe your own correct income tax.  If an employer withholds incorrectly, they can be separately fined by the IRS, but they don't pay your income tax and penalties.  You can use this IRS calculator to determine whether your withholding is correct, and how to change your W-4.

https://www.irs.gov/individuals/tax-withholding-estimator

If you are an employee, the employer should–in this case–withhold federal income tax, Alabama state income tax, social security and medicare tax.  If they aren't even withholding social security and medicare tax, they might consider you an independent contractor rather than an employee.  That's a long discussion, but you can start to read about it here.  

https://www.irs.gov/businesses/small-businesses-self-employed/independent-contractor-self-employed-or-employee

If you believe you are an employee but they are treating you like a self-employed independent contractor, there are steps you can take, but that's a long discussion. 

If the employer is withholding social security and medicare tax but not income tax, it might be your income is too low to owe those taxes, or you filled out your W-4 incorrectly, or they processed your W-4 incorrectly in their payroll system.

If you believe you will owe more than $1000 when you file your return, due to being under-withheld, you may want to make an estimated payment ASAP (and before January 15) at www.irs.gov/payments.